Different Structures of mmWave MIMO Array Antennas for 5G Applications: A Review

Abstract

This review of literature outlines advances in antenna design based on 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technology and establishes that it has the potential to meet previously unrealized data rates, very low latency, and spectral efficiency, and meet the growing needs of the current wireless network. The current condition of the mm-wave technology and the antenna array development, and what they can do in the 5G applications, have been mentioned in the review. It also presents the ideas of more advanced antenna design, including dielectric resonator antennas, with multiple inputs and multiple outputs, and a single-layer MIMO antenna, which can operate over a great variety of frequencies. Microstrip array antennas in this regard are important, especially at 28 and 38 GHz, since they have the ability to achieve high gain and provide high precision in beamforming to reduce serious propagation losses at mm-wave frequencies. Moreover, they are very small, inexpensive, and can be combined with printed circuit technologies, and thus they suit well in real-life 5G applications. These antenna arrays maximize spectral efficiency and system capacity as they are able to support advanced MIMO techniques and therefore can maximize communication performance and reliability in congested cities.