Design of SIW Antenna Array Using FSS for 5G (mmWave) Applications: A Review

Abstract

This review paper provides a glimpse of the recent developments of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology integrated with Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) antenna arrays to be implemented over the fifth-generation (5G) system operating within the millimeter-wave (mmWave) regime. The review is primarily based on papers that were generated within the timeframe between the years 2020 and 2025 and some foundational research works that embody the background theoretical knowledge. The document encapsulates the core ideas of the SIW and the FSS technologies and the application of the antenna array to improve radiation performance. The latest works have additionally proven the effectiveness of exponential-tapered FSS configurations and multilayer wideband filters, which are used in increasing gain and interference reduction at sub-6 GHz and at mmWave frequencies. Investigations carried out in the area of microstrip–FSS hybrids and endfire SIW arrays [3] verify that integration methods of this kind are essential for high-gain low-profile antennas applicable in terminal and base station 5G applications. Stacking technologies that make system design compact and efficient are also introduced. The application of technologies to enhance gain, improve the bandwidth, and design radiation patterns is analyzed extensively. An exhaustive comparison of open-loop designs that have been made public is presented, focusing on engineering benefits, design challenges, new research directions, and potential utilization within terminal and base station equipment within 5G systems.