M-Dimensional Modulation Techniques in Fiber Optics Communication Systems with Effect on Nonlinear Phase Noise (NPN): A review

Abstract

The degradation of signal quality in optical fiber communication (OFC) systems due to nonlinear phase noise (NPN) and the need for effective multi-dimensional modulation techniques to mitigate this issue is presented in this article. Optical communication technologies have seen significant advancements in recent decades, meeting the escalating demands for bandwidth, Nevertheless, the efficiency of these systems is compromised by fiber nonlinearity employing multiple dimensions’ techniques a crucial role in (OFC) systems to address the degradation of signals, also overcoming the effects the nonlinear phase noise (NPN) that produce from send signal to far distance. This article explores the concept of Nonlinear impairment, including its Kerr effects, Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), Amplification spontaneous by noise emission, and Attenuation. It also highlights the importance of multi-dimensional modulation techniques to protect the signal sent in optical fiber. This paper explored the impact of different categories of M-dimensions techniques on the signal that is sent via optical fiber and Detect the effectiveness of nonlinear phase noise (NPN) like Digital backpropagation (DBP), mid-link optical phase conjugation (ML-OPC) and other techniques, also there is A different effective strategy recognized as phase conjugated twin waves (PCTWs) Which contribute significantly to nullify NPN. The paper concludes by providing an overview of the discussed topics and their significance in the field of optical fiber communication(OFC)