Problems and Solutions of Frequency Hopping for Drones: A Review

Abstract

The paper studies the critical issue of frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) for drone communications, particularly for UAVs in both civilian and military sectors. It reveals the shortcomings of existing FHSS algorithms, which cannot resist jamming, further adaptability, and sensitivity to complex electromagnetic environments where UAVs work. A comprehensive literature review highlighted a decline in different resilience parameters, which demands an adaptive communication strategy with real-time environmental information to support resilient and energy-efficient communications. These challenges are investigated using emerging technologies like machine learning, software-defined radios, and cognitive radio systems. In addition, the paper underlines the necessity of putting well-designed regulations in place to ensure that UAVs are safely integrated within common air spaces. The work also suggests areas where frequency hopping techniques can be improved, especially within swarm drone operations, by proposing adaptive and collaborative communication models. The research is an essential step towards advancing UAV communication technologies and provides fresh information on alleviating interference and jamming threats in the rapidly crowded airspace